What is Problem-Based Learning?
Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is a pedagogical and curriculum system that has a set of problems mirroring real-world situations as the drivers of learning. In a PBL curriculum, students are presented with a problem and work in collaboration with each other to find solutions. During the process of solving the problems, students learn new knowledge, acquire problem-solving skills and associated skills of teamwork, leadership and communication. While there are different models of PBL, it is generally acknowledged there are basic elements that characterize curricula as PBL:

• The problem is the starting point of teaching and learning
• New knowledge is learned in the process of solving the problem
• The curriculum integrates disciplines

How does PBL work?
Students in small groups are presented with a problem, which is usually poorly defined. They analyze the problem to discover what they already know about it and develop hypotheses for possible solutions. The students then search for additional information with whatever resources they choose and collaboratively develop solutions to the problem.

What happens to the instructors?
The instructors become facilitators of learning by monitoring students' contributions and participation. Rather than being simply expert providers of information, they become educational coaches who encourage students to develop deeper and more meaningful thinking by skilful questioning.

What are the benefits of PBL?
Students become more motivated by actively engaging in the learning process and taking responsibility for their own learning. By having greater ownership of the teaching and learning process, students learn how to learn and are much better able to deal with unfamiliar situations. The context of learning is more realistic and there is mounting anecdotal evidence indicating that graduates from PBL courses are better prepared for the workforce than those from more traditional programmes.

A number of Faculties at HKU have adopted problem-based and student-centred learning to stimulate active learning among students. Everyday problems or situations are used as a way of stimulating students to discover and explore the key concepts and skills of the discipline in class, while teachers act as facilitators and guides in the process. For example both Medical and Dentistry Faculties have established problem-based learning within their courses.